Unter zahllosen Nietzsche-Interpreten hat kaum einer wie Klages die „strenge Folgerichtigkeit in Nietzsches Produktion zu Gesicht“ bekommen. Er glaubt eine „geradezu monomanische Einheitlichkeit in Nietzsches buntem Schrifttum“ zu erkennen. Mit diesen Worten beschreibt Löwith die Klagessche Entdeckung und führt dazu weiter aus: „Es sind immer dieselben, im Grunde ein und dieselbe Frage, der Nietzsche sein Leben lang verhaftet blieb.“ Er billigt Klages auch zu, dass er „eine so dunkle Lehre wie die von der ewigen Wiederkunft teilweise aufzuschließen vermag.“ Klages bezeichnet Nietzsches Philosophie als „Selbstauslegung seiner Persönlichkeit“ und zitiert dazu aus Jenseits von Gut und Böse: „Allmählich hat sich mir herausgestellt, was jede große Philosophie bisher war: nämlich das Selbstbekenntnis ihres Urhebers und eine Art ungewollter und unvermerkter mémoires.“
Für Löwith ist „Nietzsches Philosophie: ein System in Aphorismen“ . Er weist auf die „Periodisierung von Nietzsches Schriften“ hin und schreibt dazu: „Dem verborgenem System in Nietzsches Schriften widerspricht nur scheinbar, daß sich seine Philosophie, zugleich mit ihm selbst, bei der Durchführung seines Experimentes gewandelt hat.“ . Vom Versuchscharakter seiner Philosophie schreibt Nietzsche häufig, am Anfang wie am Ende. „Versuchsweise nimmt Nietzsches Experimentalphilosophie die Möglichkeiten des grundsätzlichen Nihilismus vorweg – um zum Umgekehrten, dem ewigen Kreislauf des Seins hindurchzukommen.“
Dieses Selbstexperiment eines exzessiv reflektierenden Bewusstseins , das mit dem Verlust des Bewusstseins endet, soll beschrieben werden.
Die Periodisierung in 3 – durch Lebenskrisen getrennten – Perioden begründet Löwith, „ist keine äußerliche Schematisierung, die man ohne Schaden für das Verständnis von Nietzsches System durch eine andere und bessere ersetzen könnte; sie wird von Nietzsche selbst in ihrer vollen Bedeutung bestätigt.“
Häufig gestellte Fragen
What is the main topic of this document?
This document appears to be an in-depth analysis of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy, particularly focusing on his ideas about nihilism, the will to power, the eternal recurrence, and the relationship between consciousness, instinct, and life. It draws heavily on the interpretations of Karl Löwith and other Nietzsche scholars like Ludwig Klages, Hans M. Wolff, and Wiebrecht Ries.
What are the three periods of Nietzsche's work as defined by Löwith?
According to Löwith, Nietzsche's work can be divided into three distinct periods:
- First Period: This encompasses The Birth of Tragedy and the Untimely Meditations, focusing on the Dionysian and Apollonian dichotomy.
- Second Period: Characterized by the "plowshare" writings, including Human, All Too Human, Dawn, and the first four books of The Gay Science. This period represents a shift towards a more scientific and skeptical outlook.
- Third Period: This is Nietzsche's most mature philosophical phase, beginning with Thus Spoke Zarathustra and culminating in Ecce Homo. It is centered around the idea of eternal recurrence and the will to power.
What is Nietzsche's concept of the "Dionysian" and how does it contrast with the "Socratic"?
The Dionysian, as described by Nietzsche, represents instinct, passion, the unconscious, and a connection to the primal unity of existence. It's associated with music, intoxication, and the breakdown of individual boundaries. The Socratic, in contrast, embodies reason, logic, consciousness, and a focus on individual knowledge and self-control. Nietzsche views the Socratic as a force that undermines the vitality of the Dionysian.
What is Nietzsche's view on truth and lies?
Nietzsche argues that truth, in a traditional sense, is often detrimental to life. He suggests that humans require illusions and "lies" to cope with the harsh realities of existence. The intellect, in this view, serves to create these necessary fictions. He suggests that the will to power, the fundamental drive to master and control one's environment, is a force that leads humans to interpret the world in ways that support their own survival and growth, even if those interpretations are not objectively true.
What is "Amor fati" and how does it relate to Nietzsche's philosophy?
Amor fati, Latin for "love of fate," is a central concept in Nietzsche's philosophy. It represents an acceptance and even love of everything that has happened and will happen in one's life, including the suffering and hardships. It's intertwined with the idea of eternal recurrence, as embracing amor fati means affirming even the most challenging aspects of existence, knowing they will eternally repeat.
What is the significance of "eternal recurrence" in the framework of Nietzsche's ideas?
The concept of eternal recurrence is a thought experiment: imagine a demon telling you that you will relive your exact life, with all its joys and sorrows, an infinite number of times. The idea challenges the individual to live in such a way that they would embrace the repetition of their life. In this framework Nietzsche's concept aims to prompt self-affirmation and a re-evaluation of values.
How does Nietzsche view science and knowledge in his later works?
While Nietzsche valued science and rational inquiry to some extent, he ultimately believed that they were limited in their ability to provide meaning and purpose. He saw the pursuit of objective truth as potentially destructive, as it could lead to a loss of faith in traditional values and a sense of nihilism. Even in the realm of science Nietzsche ultimately believed that the will-to-power drives the processes of understanding.
What is Nietzsche's critique of nihilism and how does he propose to overcome it?
Nietzsche identifies nihilism as the devaluation of all values and the belief that life is without meaning or purpose. He sees it as a consequence of the death of God and the decline of traditional morality. Nietzsche's proposed "overcoming" of nihilism involves creating new values rooted in self-affirmation, the will to power, and the embrace of life's inherent suffering and joy.
What are some keywords in the language preview?
The text mentions several central keywords: Nihilismus (Nihilism), Wille zur Macht (Will to Power), Ewige Wiederkunft (Eternal Recurrence), Dionysisch (Dionysian), Apollinisch (Apollonian), Amor fati (Love of Fate), Übermensch (Overman), Sokratismus (Socratism), décadent.
- Quote paper
- Wolf K. Obermanns (Author), 2016, Nietzsches Selbstvernichtung im Versuch, den Nihilismus durch amor fati zu überwinden, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/337642